SAR: sledovanie výkonu, zbieranie dáta a vytváranie štatistík

16. 5. 2012
Doba čtení: 4 minuty

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Ilustrační obrázek
Autor: Depositphotos – stori
Ilustrační obrázek
SAR je nástroj pre sledovanie výkonu. Na prvý pohľad sa zdá, že zobrazuje rovnaké informácie ako programy procinfo, vmstat a iotat. Ale je tu jeden rozdiel, a to, že SAR dokáže zobraziť nielen súčasné, ale aj staršie dáta. Môžeme tak podrobne zbierať dát a pripravovať štatistiky za dlhé časové obdobie.

Inštalácia a spustenie

SAR je súčasťou balíka sysstat, ktorý musíte mať v systéme nainštalovaný. Po inštalácii je tento balík štandardne disablovaný. V Debiane ho aktivujete pomocou:

# dpkg-reconfigure sysstat

Alebo manuálne, zmenou parametra ENABLED="false" na ENABLED="true" v konfiguračnom súbore: /etc/default/sysstat.

Potom ešte treba sysstat naštartovať: /etc/init.d/sysstat start

Ako pracuje SAR

Program SAR ukládá pozbierané dáta v binárnom formáte do priečinka /var/log/sa alebo /var/log/sysstat. Súbory, ktoré sa tam ukladajú, sú vo formáte saXX, kde XX je číslo dňa v aktuálnom mesiaci. Zber dát zabezpečuje pomocou cronu skript sa1. Konfiguráciu cronu pre SAR nájdete v /etc/cron.d/systat. Štandardné je nastavené zbieranie dát každých 10 minút (5–55/10). Ak potrebujete zbierať dáta častejšie, napríklad každé 3 minúty, stačí zmeniť /10 na /3.

Minútu pred cron zabezpečí vytvorenie súhrnnej dennej správy. Vytvorí do priečinka, kde sa nachádzajú súbory saXX, súbor sarXX, ktorý už je v ASCII formáte a teda dá sa zobraziť v textovom editore. Zároveň sa odstránia súbory saXX staršie ako týždeň.

Praktické príklady použitia SAR

Sú dva spôsoby, ako pracovať s dátami dostupnými pre SAR. Bez určenia dátového súboru a teda budete pracovať s údajmi za aktuálny deň. Ak potrebujete vypísať údaje za iný deň ako aktuálny, stačí za jednotlivé príkazy pridať parameter „ -f /var/log/sa/saXX “ alebo „ -f /var/log/sysstat/saXX “ podľa toho, akú cestu používa váš systém.

Využitie CPU

Využitie procesora za aktuálny deň, ktoré boli zhromaždené do okamihu výpisu: sar -u

Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (petulkovLinux)     13.05.2012     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)


07:35:01            CPU         %user         %nice          %system   %iowait        %steal         %idle
07:45:01            all         14,63          0,05          3,58         0,88          0,00        80,87
07:55:01            all         19,06          0,27          3,52         1,02          0,00        76,13
08:05:01            all         16,23          4,62          4,61         8,52          0,00         66,02
Priemer:            all         16,64          1,65          3,90         3,47          0,00        74,34


08:10:47              LINUX RESTART


08:15:01            CPU                 %user         %nice   %system   %iowait        %steal         %idle
08:25:01            all                  6,88          0,00    1,34      0,56          0,00           91,21

Ďalšie varianty:

  • sar -u 2 5  – Zobrazí aktuálne zaťaženie CPU každé 2 sekundy a výpis zopakuje 5krát
  • sar -u ALL  – pridá k zobrazeniu ešte ďalšie polia
  • sar -u -f /var/log/sysstat/sa12  – Zobrazí vyťaženie CPU, aké bolo 12. v mesiaci

Ak máte v počítači viacej jadier a chcete vedieť vyťaženie jednotlivých jadier, použite príkaz sar -P ALL

root@petulkovLinux:/var/log/sysstat# sar -P ALL 1 1
Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (petulkovLinux)     13.05.2012     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)


09:24:31            CPU         %user         %nice          %system              %iowait        %steal              %idle
09:24:32            all          1,50          0,00          1,00                  0,00          0,00                 97,50
09:24:32              0          2,04          0,00          2,04                  0,00          0,00                 95,92
09:24:32              1          0,00          0,00          0,00                  0,00          0,00                100,00
09:24:32              2          2,94          0,00          1,96                  0,00          0,00                 95,10
09:24:32              3          0,00          0,00          0,00                  0,00          0,00                100,00


Priemer:            CPU         %user         %nice         %system               %iowait        %steal               %idle
Priemer:            all          1,50          0,00          1,00                  0,00          0,00                 97,50
Priemer:              0          2,04          0,00          2,04                  0,00          0,00                 95,92
Priemer:              1          0,00          0,00          0,00                  0,00          0,00                100,00
Priemer:              2          2,94          0,00          1,96                  0,00          0,00                 95,10
Priemer:              3          0,00          0,00          0,00                  0,00          0,00                100,00

Stĺpec „CPU“ uvádza príslušne číslo jadra. Ak potrebujete vypísať vyťaženie iba jedného jadra, stačí pridať jeho číslo za parameter -P. Vyťaženie jadra 2: sar -P 2

Voľná a využitá pamäť

Informáciu o aktuálnej voľnej a využitej pamäti prezradia stĺpce kbmemfree a kbmemused vo výpise, ktorý zobrazíte pomocou sar -r 1 5.

root@petulkovLinux:~# sar -r 1 5
Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (petulkovLinux)     13.05.2012     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)


09:33:23        kbmemfree   kbmemused      %memused      kbbuffers    kbcached  kbcommit       %commit  kbactive       kbinact
09:33:24          1685108   2273648         57,43         60168        870132   4019580         49,87   1440552        642652
09:33:25          1685212   2273544         57,43         60168        870168   4019580         49,87   1440596        642576
09:33:26          1685160   2273596         57,43         60168        870096   4019580         49,87   1440600        642492
09:33:27          1685176   2273580         57,43         60168        870536   4019964         49,88   1440748        642788
09:33:28          1683920   2274836         57,46         60184        870564   4020404         49,88   1441516        642952
Priemer:          1684915   2273841         57,44         60171        870299   4019822         49,87   1440802        642692

Celkové I/O operácie

root@petulkovLinux:~# sar -b 1 3
Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (petulkovLinux)     13.05.2012     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)


09:38:29              tps          rtps          wtps       bread/s   bwrtn/s
09:38:30            10,00          0,00         10,00          0,00   8552,00
09:38:31             6,00          0,00          6,00          0,00        528,00
09:38:32            28,71          0,00         28,71          0,00  24499,01
Priemer:            14,95          0,00         14,95          0,00  11237,21

Polia v príklade znamenajú:

prace_s_linuxem_tip

  • tps – transakcie za minutú – aj čítanie aj zápis
  • rtps – transakcií za minutú – čítanie
  • wtps – transakcií za minútu – zápis
  • bread/s – Celkový objem dát čítaných zo zariadenia v blokoch za sekundu. Veľkosť bloku je 512 bajtov.
  • bwrtn/s – Celkový objem dát zapísaných na zariadenie v blokoch za sekundu.

Výpis sieťovej štatistiky

# sar -n PARAMETER

Zobrazí rôzné sieťové štatistiky. Napríklad počet prijatých paketov, ktoré prešli cez wlan katu. Do príkazu treba doplniť požadovaný PARAMETER:

  • DEV – zobrazí sieťové štatistiky pre zariadenia, ktoré sú v počítači nainštalované eth0, eth1, wlan0,…
  • IP – zobrazí IPv4 prevádzku v sieti
  • EIP – zobrazí chyby v sieti IPv4
  • ICMP – zobrazí ICMPv4 sieťovú prevádzku
  • TCP – zobrazí TCPv4 sieťovú prevádzku
  • ALL – Zobrazí všetky vyššie uvedené informácie naraz
petulko@petulkovLinux:~$ sar -n DEV 1 1
Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (petulkovLinux)     13.05.2012     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)


09:55:18            IFACE          rxpck/s     txpck/s        rxkB/s        txkB/s       rxcmp/s         txcmp/s   rxmcst/s
09:55:19               lo          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00
09:55:19            wlan0         54,00         63,00         10,48         17,66          0,00          0,00          0,00
09:55:19             eth0          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00


Priemer:            IFACE          rxpck/s      txpck/s        rxkB/s        txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
Priemer:               lo          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00
Priemer:            wlan0         54,00         63,00         10,48         17,66          0,00          0,00          0,00
Priemer:             eth0          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00

Výpis historických údajov od určitého času

Pri zobrazení historických dát z /var/log/sysstat/saXX  alebo /var/log/sa/saXX pomocou -F sa zobrazia všetky údaje za celý deň. Pomocou parametra -s hh:mm:ss, môžete určiť čas začiatku. Napríklad ak zadáte sar -s 12:30:00, zobrazí SAR dáta namiesto od polnoci od 12:30.

root@petulkovLinux:~# sar -u -n DEV -f /var/log/sysstat/sa12 -s 20:30:00
Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (petulkovLinux)     12.05.2012     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)


20:35:02            CPU         %user         %nice          %system     %iowait        %steal         %idle
20:45:01            all         27,30          0,00          2,87          0,34          0,00         69,49
20:55:01            all         33,82          0,00          2,46          0,36          0,00         63,36
Priemer:            all         30,57          0,00          2,66          0,35          0,00         66,42


20:35:02            IFACE         rxpck/s      txpck/s        rxkB/s        txkB/s        rxcmp/s       txcmp/s      rxmcst/s
20:45:01               lo          0,37          0,37          0,03          0,03          0,00          0,00          0,00
20:45:01            wlan0         46,21         25,79         62,85          2,91          0,00          0,00          0,00
20:45:01             eth0          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00
20:55:01               lo          0,26          0,26          0,02          0,02          0,00          0,00          0,00
20:55:01            wlan0         54,52         30,04         76,43          3,28          0,00          0,00          0,00
20:55:01             eth0          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00
Priemer:               lo          0,32          0,32          0,03          0,03          0,00          0,00          0,00
Priemer:            wlan0         50,37         27,92         69,65          3,09          0,00          0,00          0,00
Priemer:             eth0          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00          0,00

Autor článku

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This helps the SDK to // select the correct creative if multiple are returned. // adsRequest.linearAdSlotWidth = prerollWidth; // adsRequest.linearAdSlotHeight = prerollHeight; adsRequest.nonLinearAdSlotWidth = 0; adsRequest.nonLinearAdSlotHeight = 0; adsLoader.requestAds(adsRequest); } function createAdDisplayContainer() { // We assume the adContainer is the DOM id of the element that will house // the ads. prerollDocument.getElementById('videoContent').style.display = 'none'; adDisplayContainer = new google.ima.AdDisplayContainer( prerollDocument.getElementById('adContainer'), videoContent); } function unmutePrerollAdvert() { adVolume = !adVolume; if (adVolume) { adsManager.setVolume(0.3); prerollDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').innerHTML = ''; } else { adsManager.setVolume(0); prerollDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').innerHTML = ''; } } function onAdsManagerLoaded(adsManagerLoadedEvent) { // Get the ads manager. const adsRenderingSettings = new google.ima.AdsRenderingSettings(); adsRenderingSettings.restoreCustomPlaybackStateOnAdBreakComplete = true; adsRenderingSettings.loadVideoTimeout = 12000; // videoContent should be set to the content video element. adsManager = adsManagerLoadedEvent.getAdsManager(videoContent, adsRenderingSettings); // Add listeners to the required events. adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdErrorEvent.Type.AD_ERROR, onAdError); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.CONTENT_PAUSE_REQUESTED, onContentPauseRequested); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.CONTENT_RESUME_REQUESTED, onContentResumeRequested); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.ALL_ADS_COMPLETED, onAdEvent); // Listen to any additional events, if necessary. adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.LOADED, onAdEvent); adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.STARTED, onAdEvent); adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.COMPLETE, onAdEvent); playAds(); } function playAds() { // Initialize the container. Must be done through a user action on mobile // devices. videoContent.load(); adDisplayContainer.initialize(); // setupDimensions(); try { // Initialize the ads manager. Ad rules playlist will start at this time. adsManager.init(1920, 1080, google.ima.ViewMode.NORMAL); // Call play to start showing the ad. Single video and overlay ads will // start at this time; the call will be ignored for ad rules. adsManager.start(); // window.addEventListener('resize', function (event) { // if (adsManager) { // setupDimensions(); // adsManager.resize(prerollWidth, prerollHeight, google.ima.ViewMode.NORMAL); // } // }); } catch (adError) { // An error may be thrown if there was a problem with the VAST response. // videoContent.play(); } } function onAdEvent(adEvent) { const ad = adEvent.getAd(); console.log('Preroll event: ' + adEvent.type); switch (adEvent.type) { case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.LOADED: if (!ad.isLinear()) { videoContent.play(); } prerollDocument.getElementById('adContainer').style.width = '100%'; prerollDocument.getElementById('adContainer').style.maxWidth = '640px'; prerollDocument.getElementById('adContainer').style.height = '360px'; break; case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.STARTED: window.addEventListener('scroll', onActiveView); if (ad.isLinear()) { intervalTimer = setInterval( function () { // Example: const remainingTime = adsManager.getRemainingTime(); // adsManager.pause(); }, 300); // every 300ms } prerollDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').style.display = 'block'; break; case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.ALL_ADS_COMPLETED: if (ad.isLinear()) { clearInterval(intervalTimer); } if (prerollLastError === 303) { playYtVideo(); } break; case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.COMPLETE: if (ad.isLinear()) { clearInterval(intervalTimer); } playYtVideo(); break; } } function onAdError(adErrorEvent) { console.log(adErrorEvent.getError()); prerollLastError = adErrorEvent.getError().getErrorCode(); if (!loadNext()) { playYtVideo(); } } function loadNext() { iinfoVastUrlIndex++; if (iinfoVastUrlIndex < iinfoVastUrls.length) { iinfoPrerollPosition.remove(); playPrerollAd(); } else { return false; } adVolume = 1; return true; } function onContentPauseRequested() { videoContent.pause(); } function onContentResumeRequested() { videoContent.play(); } function onActiveView() { if (prerollContainer) { const containerOffset = prerollContainer.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight/1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { if (prerollPaused) { adsManager.resume(); prerollPaused = false; } return true; } else { if (!prerollPaused) { adsManager.pause(); prerollPaused = true; } } } return false; } function playYtVideo() { iinfoPrerollPosition.remove(); youtubeIframe.style.display = 'block'; youtubeIframe.src += '&autoplay=1&mute=1'; } }
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This helps the SDK to // select the correct creative if multiple are returned. // adsRequest.linearAdSlotWidth = outstreamWidth; // adsRequest.linearAdSlotHeight = outstreamHeight; adsRequest.nonLinearAdSlotWidth = 0; adsRequest.nonLinearAdSlotHeight = 0; adsLoader.requestAds(adsRequest); } function setupReplayScreen() { replayScreen.addEventListener('click', function () { iinfoOutstreamPosition.remove(); iinfoVastUrlIndex = 0; outstreamInit(); }); } /** * Sets the 'adContainer' div as the IMA ad display container. */ function createAdDisplayContainer() { // We assume the adContainer is the DOM id of the element that will house // the ads. outstreamDocument.getElementById('videoContent').style.display = 'none'; adDisplayContainer = new google.ima.AdDisplayContainer( outstreamDocument.getElementById('adContainer'), videoContent); } function unmuteAdvert() { adVolume = !adVolume; if (adVolume) { adsManager.setVolume(0.3); outstreamDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').innerHTML = ''; } else { adsManager.setVolume(0); outstreamDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').innerHTML = ''; } } /** * Loads the video content and initializes IMA ad playback. */ function playAds() { // Initialize the container. Must be done through a user action on mobile // devices. videoContent.load(); adDisplayContainer.initialize(); // setupDimensions(); try { // Initialize the ads manager. Ad rules playlist will start at this time. adsManager.init(1920, 1080, google.ima.ViewMode.NORMAL); // Call play to start showing the ad. Single video and overlay ads will // start at this time; the call will be ignored for ad rules. adsManager.start(); // window.addEventListener('resize', function (event) { // if (adsManager) { // setupDimensions(); // adsManager.resize(outstreamWidth, outstreamHeight, google.ima.ViewMode.NORMAL); // } // }); } catch (adError) { // An error may be thrown if there was a problem with the VAST response. // videoContent.play(); } } /** * Handles the ad manager loading and sets ad event listeners. * @param { !google.ima.AdsManagerLoadedEvent } adsManagerLoadedEvent */ function onAdsManagerLoaded(adsManagerLoadedEvent) { // Get the ads manager. const adsRenderingSettings = new google.ima.AdsRenderingSettings(); adsRenderingSettings.restoreCustomPlaybackStateOnAdBreakComplete = true; adsRenderingSettings.loadVideoTimeout = 12000; // videoContent should be set to the content video element. adsManager = adsManagerLoadedEvent.getAdsManager(videoContent, adsRenderingSettings); // Add listeners to the required events. adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdErrorEvent.Type.AD_ERROR, onAdError); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.CONTENT_PAUSE_REQUESTED, onContentPauseRequested); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.CONTENT_RESUME_REQUESTED, onContentResumeRequested); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.ALL_ADS_COMPLETED, onAdEvent); // Listen to any additional events, if necessary. adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.LOADED, onAdEvent); adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.STARTED, onAdEvent); adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.COMPLETE, onAdEvent); playAds(); } /** * Handles actions taken in response to ad events. * @param { !google.ima.AdEvent } adEvent */ function onAdEvent(adEvent) { // Retrieve the ad from the event. Some events (for example, // ALL_ADS_COMPLETED) don't have ad object associated. const ad = adEvent.getAd(); console.log('Outstream event: ' + adEvent.type); switch (adEvent.type) { case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.LOADED: // This is the first event sent for an ad - it is possible to // determine whether the ad is a video ad or an overlay. if (!ad.isLinear()) { // Position AdDisplayContainer correctly for overlay. // Use ad.width and ad.height. videoContent.play(); } outstreamDocument.getElementById('adContainer').style.width = '100%'; outstreamDocument.getElementById('adContainer').style.maxWidth = '640px'; outstreamDocument.getElementById('adContainer').style.height = '360px'; break; case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.STARTED: window.addEventListener('scroll', onActiveView); // This event indicates the ad has started - the video player // can adjust the UI, for example display a pause button and // remaining time. if (ad.isLinear()) { // For a linear ad, a timer can be started to poll for // the remaining time. intervalTimer = setInterval( function () { // Example: const remainingTime = adsManager.getRemainingTime(); // adsManager.pause(); }, 300); // every 300ms } outstreamDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').style.display = 'block'; break; case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.ALL_ADS_COMPLETED: if (ad.isLinear()) { clearInterval(intervalTimer); } if (outstreamLastError === 303) { if (isBanner) { renderBanner(); } else { replayScreen.style.display = 'flex'; } } break; case google.ima.AdEvent.Type.COMPLETE: // This event indicates the ad has finished - the video player // can perform appropriate UI actions, such as removing the timer for // remaining time detection. if (ad.isLinear()) { clearInterval(intervalTimer); } if (isBanner) { renderBanner(); } else { replayScreen.style.display = 'flex'; } break; } } /** * Handles ad errors. * @param { !google.ima.AdErrorEvent } adErrorEvent */ function onAdError(adErrorEvent) { // Handle the error logging. console.log(adErrorEvent.getError()); outstreamLastError = adErrorEvent.getError().getErrorCode(); if (!loadNext()) { renderBanner(); } } function renderBanner() { if (isBanner) { console.log('Outstream: Render Banner'); iinfoOutstreamPosition.innerHTML = ""; iinfoOutstreamPosition.style.height = "330px"; iinfoOutstreamPosition.appendChild(bannerDiv); } else { console.log('Outstream: Banner is not set'); } } function loadNext() { iinfoVastUrlIndex++; if (iinfoVastUrlIndex < iinfoVastUrls.length) { iinfoOutstreamPosition.remove(); outstreamInit(); } else { return false; } adVolume = 1; return true; } /** * Pauses video content and sets up ad UI. */ function onContentPauseRequested() { videoContent.pause(); // This function is where you should setup UI for showing ads (for example, // display ad timer countdown, disable seeking and more.) // setupUIForAds(); } /** * Resumes video content and removes ad UI. */ function onContentResumeRequested() { videoContent.play(); // This function is where you should ensure that your UI is ready // to play content. It is the responsibility of the Publisher to // implement this function when necessary. // setupUIForContent(); } function onActiveView() { if (outstreamContainer) { const containerOffset = outstreamContainer.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight/1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { if (outstreamPaused) { adsManager.resume(); outstreamPaused = false; } return true; } else { if (!outstreamPaused) { adsManager.pause(); outstreamPaused = true; } } } return false; } let outstreamInitInterval; if (typeof cpexPackage !== "undefined") { outstreamInitInterval = setInterval(tryToInitializeOutstream, 100); } else { const wrapper = getWrapper(); if (wrapper) { let outstreamInitialized = false; window.addEventListener('scroll', () => { if (!outstreamInitialized) { const containerOffset = wrapper.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight / 1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { outstreamInit(); outstreamInitialized = true; } } }); } } function tryToInitializeOutstream() { const wrapper = getWrapper(); if (wrapper) { const containerOffset = wrapper.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight / 1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { if (cpexPackage.adserver.displayed) { clearInterval(outstreamInitInterval); outstreamInit(); } } } else { clearInterval(outstreamInitInterval); } } }
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